Valencia M.

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Trunk Lines-	Four major railroad networks that emerged after the Civil War to connect the eastern seaports to the Great Lakes and western rivers.
Vertical Integration-	A form of business organization in which a single firm owns and controls the entire process of production, from the pecurement of raw materials to the manufacture and sale of the finished product.
Trust-	A buisness-management device designed to centralize and make more effcient the management of diverse and far-flung business operations.
Chinese Exclusive Act-	Legislation passed in 1882 that excluded Chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied U.S. critizenship to Chinese nationals living in the United States.
Knights of Labor-	Also known as the Noble and Holy order of Knights of labor. Founded in 1869, this labor organization pursued broad-gauged reforms as much as practical issues such as wages and hours.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)-	Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886, the AFL was a loose alliance of national craft unions that organized skilled workers by craft and worked for specific practical objectves such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
Haymarket Riot-	on May 4,1886, a demonstration in Chicago's Haymarket square to protest the slaying of two workers during a srike turned into a violent riot after a bomb explosions killed seven policemen.
Homestead Strike-	In July 1892, wage-cutting at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead Steel Plant in Pittsburgh provoked a violent strike in which three company-hired detectives and ten workers died.